COVID-19 infection that started in the early months of December has blown out to a large-scale global health crisis. Until a vaccine is approved, the task of containing the virus is an uphill battle. Finding and isolating confirmed and diagnosed cases of COVID-19 has been our toughest assignment in this battle.
SARS-COV2 is a novel strain, a new entrant to the family of Coronavirus species and science is not equipped with all information about the virus including an easy diagnostic test. We have been relying on isolating viral genomes using PCR techniques to diagnose the infected cases. Yes, the PCR test is a sensitive and specific test, however it is an expensive test. Moreover special training is necessary to obtain samples (nasal and throat swabs) for testing. In addition, the test is performed only at a few specific locations. And the results are not instantaneous and it would take a few days to weeks. Limitations of PCR test is a hindrance to easy detection and isolation of affected population/geography.
Due to the constraints with PCR tests, there was a need to discover a simple and reliable diagnostic tool.
Now, there is a FDA approved antibody test—ELISA test and Rapid test which are comparable to sensitivity and specificity of the earlier PCR tests. It is a simple test and can be performed on blood samples. Anyone trained in collecting blood samples and one doesn’t need special training to collect samples. Unlike PCR test, the results are obtained almost immediately. The test can be performed at most places once the diagnostic kits are available. You can Ask A Doctor to learn more about the difference between SARS-COV2 PCR and antibody test.
The ease at which the test can be performed, the speed at which results are obtained combined with high sensitivity and specificity of the test makes antibody testing a better screening and diagnosing tool. Thus the antibody test could be one of humankind’s knights in our war against COVID-19.
The newly designed antibody test detects two different antibodies—IgM and IgG. IgM is raised in new/recent infection. While a raised IgG value indicates past infection and presence of immunity against SARS-COV2 virus. We are now able to measure immunity of previously affected healthcare workers by quantitative analysis of IgG immunoglobulins. You can Ask A Doctor and discuss what positive IgG and/or IgM antibody test means.
Furthermore there are reports suggesting antibody tests used as screening tools will help us geographically map previous hotspots and thereby help predict future hotspots.
Antibody testing has a wide scope of benefits which the earlier PCR test wasn’t able to fulfil. Nations and organizations that are facing the heat of COVID-19 pandemic can now use Rapid antibody test and ELISA antibody test as an important tool and hope to contain the spread of virus.
You can Ask A Doctor for updated information on COVID-19. Ask A Doctor forum has experienced and qualified doctors available for coronavirus pandemic consultation from the comforts of your home.
